करेंट अफेयर्स 2025

CURRENT AFFAIRS 2026-27

indiaeconomicsurvey2025, economicsurveynew2025,biharnamanblog

केंद्रीय आर्थिक समीक्षा 2025-26: तेज विकास, मजबूत आधार और लचीली अर्थव्यवस्था की ओर अग्रसर भारत

E-Governance&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

Electronic governance or e-governance is adopted by countries across the world. In a fast-growing and demanding economy like India, e-governance has become essential.&nbsp; The rapid growth of digitalisation has led to many governments across the globe to introduce and incorporate technology into governmental processes. Electronic governance or e-governance can be defined as the usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the government to provide and facilitate government services, exchange of information, communication transactions and integration of various standalone systems and services. 

In other words, it is the use of technology to perform government activities and achieve the objectives of governance.&nbsp; Through e-governance, government services are made available to citizens and businesses in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner. Examples of e-governance include Digital India initiative, National Portal of India, Prime Minister of India portal, Aadhaar, filing and payment of taxes online, digital land management systems, Common Entrance Test etc.&nbsp; 

Types of interactions in e-Governance

e-Governance can take place in four major types of interactions, apart from the processes and interactions in the back-office, within the government framework:

Government to Government (G2G) 

Information is exchanged within the government i.e., either, between the central government, state government and local governments or between different branches of the same government. 

Government to Citizen (G2C) 

The citizens have a platform through which they can interact with the government and get access to the variety of public services offered by the Government.

Government to Businesses (G2B) 

The businesses are able to interact with the government seamlessly with respect to the services of the government offered to businesses

Government to Employees (G2E) 

The interaction between the government and its employees occurs in an efficient and speedy manner.

Objectives of e-Governance

The objectives of e-governance can be listed down as given below:

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">To support and simplify governance for government, citizens, and businesses. </li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">To make government administration more transparent and accountable while addressing the society&rsquo;s needs and expectations through efficient public services and effective interaction between the people, businesses, and government. </li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">To reduce corruption in the government. </li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">To ensure speedy administration of services and information. </li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">To reduce difficulties for business, provide immediate information and enable digital communication by e-business. </li>
</ul>

While e-governance provides the advantages of convenience, efficiency and transparency, it also has problems associated with it. They are as follows: 

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">Lack of computer literacy: India is still a developing country and a vast majority of the citizens lack computer literacy which hinders the effectiveness of e-governance.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">Lack of accessibility to the internet or even computers in some parts of the country is a disadvantage to e-governance.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">e-Governance results in a loss of human interaction. As the system becomes more mechanised, lesser interaction takes place among people. </li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">It gives rise to the risk of personal data theft and leakage. </li>
</ul>

e-Governance leads to a lax administration. The service provider can easily provide excuses for not providing the service on technical grounds such as &ldquo;server is down&rdquo; or &ldquo;internet is not working&rdquo;, etc.

ई-गवर्नेंस

E-Governance

Positive and Negative impact of Caste Census in Bihar

The caste system is arguably the most distinctive feature of Indian society. The Indian population is divided into four hierarchical classes, or varnas, with a large sub-population of untouchables excluded entirely from the system. Within each of these classes, and among the untouchables, are thousands of castes, or jatis. The central rule in Hindu society is that individuals must marry within their own caste. Recent genetic evidence indicates that this rule has been followed for over 2,000 years. Spatial segregation on caste lines within the village results in a high degree of local social connectedness, with caste clusters in distant villages and select urban locations linked to each other through ties of marriage over many generations.

Positive Impact

Caste census can help to identify and address the needs of marginalized and disadvantaged castes. For example, the data from caste census can be used to design policies and programs to improve the access of these castes to education, employment, and healthcare. Caste census can also help to monitor the progress of affirmative action programs and identify any gaps or loopholes. For example, the data from caste census can be used to ensure that the reserved seats in educational institutions and government jobs are being filled by the eligible candidates. Caste census can also provide a comprehensive picture of Bihari society, including its caste dynamics. This data can be used by researchers, policymakers, and civil society organizations to better understand the challenges faced by marginalized and disadvantaged castes and to develop effective interventions to address these challenges.

Negative Impact

Caste census can be divisive, as it could lead to increased social tensions and conflict. For example, the data from caste census could be used by political parties to mobilize voters along caste lines. Caste census can also be counterproductive, as it could reinforce caste identities and hierarchies. For example, the data from caste census could be used by caste groups to assert their dominance over other caste groups. Caste census can also be impractical, as it would be difficult and expensive to conduct a caste census accurately. For example, many people may be reluctant to disclose their caste, especially if they belong to a marginalized or disadvantaged caste.

The way ahead on the issue of caste census is to have a balanced and nuanced approach. It is important to weigh the pros and cons of caste census carefully and to take steps to mitigate the potential negative impacts. One way to do this is to conduct a caste census in a transparent and inclusive manner. All stakeholders, including caste groups, civil society organizations, and academic experts, should be consulted in the design and implementation of the census. Another way to mitigate the negative impacts of caste census is to ensure that the data is used for the right purposes. The data should be used to design and implement policies and programs to promote social justice and equality, and to monitor the progress of affirmative action programs. The data should not be used to mobilize voters along caste lines or to reinforce caste identities and hierarchies.

बिहार में जाति जनगणना का सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक प्रभाव

Positive and Negative impact of Caste Census in Bihar

India nominates &lsquo;Maratha Military Landscapes&rsquo;for 2024-25 UNESCO World Heritage List

Source: PIB

The Ministry of Culture announced that India is nominating the &#39;Maratha Military Landscape&#39; for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List for the 2024-25 cycle, with a total of 12 components included in this nomination. Suvarnadurg Fort is a part of the historic &#39;Maratha Military Landscape&#39;.

Details: 

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">The Maratha Military Landscapes of India, which were built from the 17th to the 19th centuries, are a vivid embodiment of an original system of fortifications and military operations that were derived by the Maratha governors.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">This nomination includes twelve discrete entities, the renowned Hill Forts like Salher, Sivneri Lohagad. Rajgadd, Ginhee forts formulated.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">Also, it encompasses Hill-forest fort of Pratapgad hill fort of Panhala Coastal forts at Vijaydurg and Khanderi islets as Suvarnadurg,.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">These elements spread from various geographical and physiographic regions, together making a statement of the dexterity that Maratha rulers possessed as military men.</li>
</ul>

Military Landscapes of the Marathas:

In this regard, the military Maratha is a landscape that was set up during the rule of Chhatrapati Shivaji around 1670 CE, and remained dominant in this whole region until 1818. With this military terrain in its background, there were several strategic utilization of the landscape by the Maratha army resulting in its development using some innovative guerrilla warfare methods. The first two successfully worked and were crucial in combating the daunting powers of the Mughal Empire on land and the European coastal navies at sea.

In the history of India&rsquo;s military acts, there is something positional for Maratha Empire&rsquo;s strategy and its approach to warfare can be considered as an instructive one which in principle deserves the attention by demonstration all over because it is unique and extraordinary. This recognition has resulted in the nomination of the Maratha military landscape for listing under UNESCO&rsquo;s prestigious list of World Heritage sites.

The nomination process involves two categories &ndash; Cultural and Natural criteria &ndash; which highlight the historical and strategic significance of the Maratha military landscape. The Maratha Military Landscapes in India are classified under the cultural criteria category for potential inclusion in the World Heritage List. &nbsp;In order to be considered for this prestigious list, cultural sites must meet six criteria (i to vi), while natural sites must fulfil four criteria (vii to x). The Maratha Military Landscapes of India have been put forward for nomination based on three distinct cultural criteria. 

<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">The first criterion emphasises their ability to provide a remarkable and unparalleled testament to a cultural tradition or civilization, whether that culture is still thriving or has become extinct. </li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">The second criterion highlights their status as an exceptional representation of a particular kind of structure, architectural or technological ensemble, or landscape that showcases important milestones in human history. </li>
	<li style="text-align:justify; margin-left:8px">Lastly, the third criterion recognizes their direct or tangible connection to events, living traditions, ideas, beliefs, or artistic and literary works that hold exceptional universal significance.</li>
</ol>

About United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):

UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that was established in 1945 and is headquartered in Paris. &nbsp;Its main goal is to promote peace and security through international collaboration in the areas of education, science, and culture. &nbsp;It has 194 member states and India is one of its founding members. India&rsquo;s several sites that have been recognized by UNESCO. India has a total of 42 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, with 34 being Cultural sites, 7 being Natural sites, and 2 being mixed sites. Recently, Shantiniketan and the temples of Belur, Halebid, and Somananthpura were added to the World Heritage list, bringing India&rsquo;s total to 42.

India nominates ‘Maratha Military Landscapes’ for 2024-25 UNESCO World Heritage List

Poverty in Bihar

Agriculture challenges of Bihar

Indian Soil

70th BPSC Prelims Economy Topics

Privacy Policy

Terms & Conditions

Refund & Cancellations

Copyright Menu

About Us

Downloads

Contact Us

Footer Menu 1

Download the App

Upcoming Batch

App Download

ABOUT US

HOME

ONLINE COURSE

OFFLINE COURSE

RECORDED COURSE

COURSES

RESOURCES

TEST SERIES

OUR BOOKS

NCERT

Photo Gallery

Video Gallery

GALLERY

Hindi Blogs

English Blogs

BLOGS

OUR TEAM

CONTACT US

Primary Menu

FEATURE COURSE

Online Courses

Classroom Program

Prelims Test Series

Mains Test Series

Web Slider

Interview Videos

SDM नम्रता की सफलता की कहानी: 70वीं BPSC क्रैक करने की पूरी रणनीति और संघर्ष

 UPPSC 2024 Topper, Rank 26 🔥 Bharat Singh | Naib Tehsildar | Full Strategy & Journey 

67th BPSC Mock Interview | Riya Kumari | BPSC Interview | Bihar Naman GS

70th BPSC Topper | Rank- 768, Revenue Officer नंदन कुमार पांडेय 

Giriwar Dayal Singh, IAS ने लिया अपर्णा कुमारी का Auditor Interview

70th BPSC Mock Interview: इंटरव्यू में क्या देखते हैं Ex-Members? जानिए चयन का गुप्त मंत्र

70th BPSC Interview: Ex-BPSC Member Prof. D. N. Sharma Sir की Master Class

Podcast with Dr. Shiva Jatan Thakur, Ex Member BPSC

 BPSC TOPPER'S INTERVIEW l BPSC TOPPER'S TALK l TARUN RANAJAN

Roshan Raj | BPSC Auditor Mock Interview 2023

Notice Board

NCERT पंचनामा Objective Test Series Schedule (New)

72nd BPSC Mains Answer Writing Foundation Schedule 2026

72nd BPSC MAWP Question 1- 9 pdf @Bihar Naman GS

ESSAY REPORT CARD / 71st & 72nd BPSC MAINS

CSE ESSAY 2014-2024

Bihar Naman's Book Sellers Details 

72nd BPSC PRELIMS FLT SCHEDULE

BSO SYLLABUS 

Prospectus of Bihar Naman GS (English)

Prospectus of Bihar Naman GS (Hindi)

Bihar Naman Group

Blog Categories

CURRENT AFFAIRS 2026-27